How to calculate Test Execution Productivity Improvement ?

Test Execution Productivity Improvement is the ratio of difference between test execution productivity of current year and last/prior year to test execution productivity of last year.Test Case Execution Productivity improvement is always measured in percentage (%).

How to calculate Test Execution Productivity Improvement:

Test Execution Productivity improvement = (Test Execution productivity of current year - Test Execution productivity of last year) / (Test Execution productivity of last year) * 100

Example:

Test Execution productivity of last year	Test Execution productivity of current year	Test Execution Productivity Improvement
4	5	25

Test Execution Productivity Improvement = (5-4) / 4 *100

                                                                     = 25 %

How to calculate Test Design Productivity Improvement ?

Test Design Productivity Improvement is the ratio of difference between test design productivity of current year and last/prior year to test design productivity of last year. If the Test Case Design Productivity is low due to changes in the requirement, it helps to factor the effort into the project plan and re-estimate the project plans. 
Test Design Productivity Improvement is measured in percentage (%).

How to calculate Test Design Productivity Improvement:

Test Design Productivity improvement = (Test Case productivity of current year - Test Case productivity of last year) / (Test Case productivity of last year) * 100

Example:

Test Design  productivity of last year	Test Design productivity of current year	Test Design Productivity improvement
8	10	25

Test Design Productivity Improvement = (10-8) / 8 *100

                                                               = 25 %

How to calculate Review Efficiency ?

Review Efficiency is the ratio of number of review defects to total number of defects in review and testing.  Review defects can be encountered in documents (e.g. test plan, test cases) as well as in code (e.g. unit, integration, system, function, procedures). Defects identified in review process costs lesser effort and amount to fixes it. It helps to decrease the defect leakage in subsequent later phases of testing stages.

It is measured at overall project level and stage level. It is measured in percentage (%).

How to calculate Review Efficiency:

Review Efficiency = (Total Number of Review defects) / (Total number of Review defects + Total number of Testing defects)*100

Example:

No. of Review defects	Total No. of Testing defects	Review Efficiency %
25	100	20

Review Efficiency = 25 / (25 + 100) * 100

                               = 20

Review Efficiency metric shows the efficiency of the review process in software testing. A higher ratio of Review Efficiency indicates better is the review process. If the ratio is low then is does not mean review process inadequate. When ratio is low then the project manager or team leader discuss with the team and work on Review Efficiency improvement.

Review Efficiency metric helps to know the review effectiveness and take action to improve the review process.

Note: The total number of Testing Defects includes all the defects including customer reported test defects.

DISTINCT keyword in SQL

When DISTINCT keyword in SQL is applied on a column it returns the values of column eliminating duplicates. It is used to display the distinct values.

SQL DISTINCT Syntax:

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2…Column N from Table_name

Table STUDENT:

Roll number	First Name	Last Name	Department	Division	Address	Admission year	Grade
1	John	Jones	Coms	A	New York	2005	Pass
2	Mike	Decoza	IT	A	London	2006	Fail
3	Ravi	Sharma	EE	B	Mumbai	2007	Fail
4	Ajay	Singh	Civil	C	London	2005	Pass
5	Amenda	Jones	Telecom	A	Manchester	2005	Pass
6	David	Cena	Coms	B	Liverpool	2006	Pass
7	Harmeet	Patel	IT	C	Mumbai	2005	Pass

SQL DISTINCT Example:

SELECT DISTINCT Address from STUDENT

Above SQL query selects only the distinct values from the "Address" columns from the "STUDENT" table as below:

New York

London

Manchester

Liverpool

Mumbai

ORDER BY clause in SQL

ORDER BY clause in SQL is used for sorting the data either in ascending or descending order based on a specified condition.

ORDER BY clause syntax:

SELECT column-list FROM table_name [WHERE condition-optional] [ORDER BY column1, column2, .. columnN] [ASC |DESC];

Example-ORDER BY clause on single column:

Select * from BANK ORDER BY Salary ASC

Select Count (*) from EMP WHERE Job=’Clerk’ ORDER BY Salary ASC

Example-ORDER BY clause on multiple columns:

Select * from BANK ORDER BY Salary, CustomerId DESC

In the above query, if the two customers have the same salary then only it goes to CustomerId for ordering the data otherwise only ORDER BY salary is performed.

Note:

1. The ORDER BY clause sorts the records in ascending order by default
2. We can use the Ascending and Descending sorting criteria individually or in combination as well

Select * from BANK ORDER BY Salary DESC, CustomerId ASC